Estêvão’s place in Xabi Alonso’s plans appears secure in theory, but the evidence on the pitch has told a different story. The Brazilian youngster has found minutes hard to come by in a system built around a back three and wingbacks, which has left little space for wide forwards. He was even left on the bench when Chelsea exited the Carabao Cup on penalties to Liverpool last month.

There was a reminder of what he can offer when Alonso shifted to a 4-2-3-1 for the recent win over Manchester United. Estêvão started on the right and produced a strong display. Yet that momentum did not last, with another formation change ahead of the defeat to Sunderland before the international break sending him back to the bench.

BBC Sport reported in September that Estêvão was among a small group of “untouchable” Chelsea players, alongside Moisés Caicedo, Cole Palmer and João Pedro. Even so, a player of his ability, and one who has long attracted attention, could eventually begin to look elsewhere if the current situation does not improve.

If that point arrives, several destinations could enter the picture.

Paris Saint-Germain remain a logical name in any discussion of elite attacking talent, particularly after their summer reshuffle. But with Lee Kang-in, Bradley Barcola and Gonçalo Ramos already moved on, and with Maghnes Akliouche, Ferran Torres and Mika Godts arriving, they are more likely to trust their current options. They have also been hit by Khvicha Kvaratskhelia’s ACL tear, though Luis Enrique still has plenty to work with.

Liverpool is another obvious possibility. After Mohamed Salah’s departure in the summer, Andoni Iraola has used Bradley Barcola, Cody Gakpo and Rio Ngumoha on the right wing, but that position may still need greater certainty. A Chelsea sale to a Premier League rival would be difficult to imagine, yet the financial logic is there.

Borussia Dortmund, meanwhile, would make sense only if the situation worsened and Chelsea agreed to a loan in January. They may not be as imposing as they once were, but the club still has a reputation for developing talent. Estêvão may not be the ideal Niko Kovać wide player, but Dortmund would be one to watch if temporary respite becomes the next step.

Chelsea’s first-half visit to Sunderland produced a major refereeing flashpoint after a penalty appeal was turned down and then left untouched by VAR.

The key moment arrived about a quarter of the way through the opening half, when Palmer shifted beyond Luke O’Nien. Sunderland’s skipper tried to stop him, but he did not get near the ball and instead came into the back of Palmer’s right knee.

Referee Gillett did not signal for a foul, and video assistant referee Nick Hopton also chose not to ask for a review at the monitor. During the contest, the Premier League issued a statement saying the VAR was not convinced by the penalty appeal.

Hopton’s view was that the incident happened outside the area. Broadcast footage, however, suggested the contact may have started just before the white line and then continued into the box, which would have made a penalty decision more likely.

The reasoning behind the call sits in the way VAR is allowed to operate. It can only intervene when there is a “clear and obvious error,” a standard maintained by the Premier League’s lawmakers.

That still left many online fans angry at the outcome, especially after Sunderland were awarded a penalty just 13 minutes later. Sky Sports commentator Chris Sutton offered only partial sympathy for the visitors, adding to the scrutiny on a decision that had already become the main talking point of the match.

Chelsea’s decision to go without a natural centre forward in place of the injured João Pedro was punished once more, as they were subdued in a 1-0 defeat away to Sunderland on Sunday afternoon.

Xabi Alonso’s approach again left Chelsea short of penetration, with Sunderland doing enough to keep the visitors at arm’s length and expose the same attacking problem that has followed them for several matches. Brian Brobbey offered the clearest contrast between the sides, using his physical presence to win the penalty that Enzo Le Fée turned into the game’s only goal. It was a narrow margin, but one that felt deserved in the balance of play.

For Chelsea, the absence of João Pedro continued to cast a heavy shadow. Their leading scorer this season missed his fourth Premier League appearance of the campaign, and the result was another afternoon of limited threat in the final third. Even before this defeat, Chelsea had already been stifled by Brentford and Tottenham Hotspur without their regular No. 9. The one exception came in last weekend’s win over Manchester United, a match in which Chelsea were helped more than they were inspired.

Sunderland arrived with their own concerns, sitting bottom of the Premier League table after conceding 17 goals in their first nine league games of the season. Yet Régis Le Bris had set the tone beforehand: “We need to be pragmatic first,” as Régis Le Bris had warned prematch, “because it is clear if you concede goals it is more difficult to win the game.”

Chelsea’s issue without Pedro is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore. Alonso has tried Morgan Rogers, Danny Welbeck and, on Sunday, Pedro Neto as part of a fluid front line, but the side lacks the control and creativity that their usual No. 9 provides. In Wearside, that limitation was once again exposed.